Open_Access.pptx and python

Open_Access.pptx


View Download

Tech Buzz: Create Wifi Hotspot in Ubuntu 12.4/12.10 for smart phones(android ) phones laptops

for video:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U59PymP-K6Y


1. First of all you should make sure, that your wifi adapter supports infrastructure hotspots. If you used connectify on your windows system and it worked, skip this step.

open terminal and type: sudo lshw | less

find -network section and make sure that driver is ath5k or ath9k, this solution will only work for those drivers, but should fit the needs for the most laptop users.



2. We now need to install 2 additional tools to make out hotspot, 1st one is hostapd(hotspot server), 2nd one is dnsmasq(dns dhcp server)

in terminal type: sudo apt-get install hostapd dnsmasq

3. stop those services if started already, and prevent them from starting on system start up.

in terminal type:
sudo service hostapd stop
sudo service dnsmasq stop
sudo update-rc.d hostapd disable
sudo update-rc.d dnsmasq disable

4. Now we need to set up config files.
in terminal type: sudo gedit /etc/dnsmasq.conf
or sudo kate /etc/dnsmasq.conf if you use kde

add those lines to the config file
Code:

# Bind to only one interface
bind-interfaces
# Choose interface for binding
interface=wlan0
# Specify range of IP addresses for DHCP leasses
dhcp-range=192.168.150.2,192.168.150.10

5. hostapd config

in terminal type: sudo gedit /etc/hostapd.conf

and add those lines

Code:

# Define interface
interface=wlan0
# Select driver
driver=nl80211
# Set access point name
ssid=myhotspot
# Set access point harware mode to 802.11g
hw_mode=g
# Set WIFI channel (can be easily changed)
channel=6
# Enable WPA2 only (1 for WPA, 2 for WPA2, 3 for WPA + WPA2)
wpa=2
wpa_passphrase=mypassword

You can change ssid name and password for anything you want here. Current config will create hotspot named myhotspot with mypassword password.

6. Now create anywhere you want a file named start.sh
edit it with any text editor like this:

Code:

#!/bin/bash
# Start
# Configure IP address for WLAN
sudo ifconfig wlan0 192.168.150.1
# Start DHCP/DNS server
sudo service dnsmasq restart
# Enable routing
sudo sysctl net.ipv4.ip_forward=1
# Enable NAT
sudo iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o ppp0 -j MASQUERADE
# Run access point daemon
sudo hostapd /etc/hostapd.conf
# Stop
# Disable NAT
sudo iptables -D POSTROUTING -t nat -o ppp0 -j MASQUERADE
# Disable routing
sudo sysctl net.ipv4.ip_forward=0
# Disable DHCP/DNS server
sudo service dnsmasq stop
sudo service hostapd stop

You will probably need to change ppp0 in this to eth0 (or any other number which refers to your wired connection.

7. Last step. Now you can start your hotspot by starting our script. just run it using sudo sh
for me it looks like this sudo sh /home/ogyct/Desktop/start.sh because I have it on my desktop

Tech Buzz: How to change Desktop Environments in Ubuntu 12.10

If you want to change Unity and install anything else (like KDE) in Ubuntu 12.10, then this article is for you. Just copy-paste the commands into your terminal, press enter … wait a little bit for the packages to download and you are ready. Logout, pick your favourite Desktop Environment and log back in.

It's insanely simple:

Install KDE

sudo apt-get install kde-standard  sudo apt-get install kde-full

Install GNOME 3

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:gnome3-team/gnome3  sudo apt-get update  sudo apt-get install gnome-shell

Install XFCE 4

sudo apt-get install xfce4  sudo apt-get install xfce4-goodies

Install Cinammon

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:gwendal-lebihan-dev/cinnamon-stable  sudo apt-get update  sudo apt-get install cinnamon

Install FluxBOX

sudo apt-get install fluxbox

Install E17

sudo apt-add-repository ppa:hannes-janetzek/enlightenment-svn  sudo apt-get update  sudo apt-get install e17

read more at http://ubuntuxtreme.com/howto/how-to-change-desktop-environment-in-ubuntu-12-10/